Pulmonology

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. It affects millions of people worldwide across all age groups. The condition causes recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing. These symptoms result from airway hyperresponsiveness and variable airflow obstruction. Asthma can range from mild intermittent symptoms to severe persistent disease. Environmental triggers, allergens, and exercise can precipitate asthma attacks.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease. It is characterized by persistent airflow limitation and respiratory symptoms. The condition primarily results from cigarette smoking and environmental exposures. COPD encompasses chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Patients experience dyspnea, chronic cough, and sputum production. The disease leads to significant morbidity and represents a major cause of mortality worldwide.

Pulmonary Fibrosis is a group of lung diseases characterized by progressive scarring of lung tissue. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) represents the most common form. The fibrotic process impairs oxygen exchange and reduces lung capacity. Patients experience progressive dyspnea, persistent dry cough, and declining lung function. The disease typically affects older adults and has a poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical for slowing disease progression.

Chronic Bronchitis is a type of COPD characterized by inflammation of the bronchial tubes. The condition is defined by chronic productive cough lasting at least three months per year for two consecutive years. Mucus hypersecretion and airway inflammation cause persistent symptoms. Smoking represents the primary risk factor. However, environmental pollutants and occupational exposures also contribute. The disease increases susceptibility to respiratory infections and exacerbations.