Dermatology

Acne Vulgaris is one of the most common dermatological conditions worldwide. It particularly affects adolescents and young adults. The condition results from follicular hyperkeratinization and excess sebum production. Additionally, bacterial colonization by Cutibacterium acnes and inflammation play key roles. Acne can range from mild comedonal forms to severe presentations. Nodular or cystic variants may result in scarring and significant psychological distress.

Plaque Psoriasis represents the most common form of psoriasis. It accounts for approximately 80-90% of all cases. This chronic autoimmune inflammatory skin disease is characterized by well-demarcated, raised plaques. These red lesions are covered with silvery-white scales. They result from accelerated skin cell turnover. The plaques commonly appear on elbows, knees, scalp, and lower back. However, they can develop anywhere on the body. Beyond skin manifestations, the condition can be associated with psoriatic arthritis. It significantly impacts patients' psychological well-being and quality of life.

Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by progressive melanocyte loss. This results in depigmented patches of skin. The condition can affect any body area. However, it commonly appears on the face, hands, and friction-exposed areas. Vitiligo has profound psychological and social impacts due to its visible nature. The disease can be classified as segmental or non-segmental. Non-segmental vitiligo is more common and often exhibits bilateral distribution.

Atopic Dermatitis (AD), commonly known as eczema, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition. It is characterized by intense itching, dry skin, and recurrent eczematous lesions. The disease typically begins in childhood. However, it can persist into adulthood or develop later in life. AD is associated with skin barrier dysfunction and immune dysregulation. It often occurs in individuals with atopic conditions such as asthma and allergic rhinitis.

Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS), also known as inverse acne, is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. It affects approximately 1% of the global population. The condition is characterized by painful, deep-seated lumps, abscesses, and fistulas. These occur in areas such as the armpits, groin, genital regions, and under the breasts. The disease significantly lowers quality of life. Moreover, it can lead to serious systemic complications. These include inflammatory joint and bowel diseases, mood disorders, and metabolic disturbances.