Rheumatology

Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis. It affects approximately 30% of individuals with psoriasis. The condition can cause joint pain, stiffness, and swelling. Additionally, it may lead to permanent joint damage if left untreated. PsA can affect any joint in the body. However, it commonly involves the fingers, toes, spine, and sacroiliac joints. Beyond joint symptoms, patients may experience enthesitis and dactylitis.

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease. It primarily affects the joints in a symmetrical pattern. The condition causes inflammation of the synovial membrane. This leads to joint pain, swelling, and potential destruction. RA commonly affects the small joints of hands and feet. However, it can involve any joint in the body. Beyond articular manifestations, RA may cause systemic complications. These include cardiovascular disease, pulmonary involvement, and rheumatoid nodules.

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue. This leads to increased bone fragility and fracture risk. The condition is often called a "silent disease" because bone loss occurs without symptoms. Osteoporotic fractures commonly occur in the spine, hip, and wrist. These fractures can result in significant morbidity, mortality, and reduced quality of life. Risk factors include age, female gender, and low body weight. Additionally, certain medications and medical conditions increase risk.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis worldwide. It is a degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage breakdown. The condition primarily affects weight-bearing joints like knees, hips, and spine. However, it can also involve hands and other joints. OA causes joint pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion. These symptoms typically worsen with activity and improve with rest. Risk factors include age, obesity, joint injury, and genetic predisposition. The disease significantly impacts daily activities and quality of life.